BMW Hybrid Cars in Details

Motor vehicles with high-voltage systems are equipped with components that operate with voltages in excess of 60 volt direct current voltage or 25 volt AC voltage. The components in these vehicles require, in part, high electrical power. The high-voltage electrical system in hybrid cars operates with direct current voltages of up to 650 volt and must make available high electrical energy.

Following are components that installed in the hybrid car :

• Gearbox with electric motors/generators with full hybrid
• Power and control electronics
• High-voltage energy storage device
• Internal combustion engine
• High-voltage cables

All movements in the human body are triggered by electrical control mechanisms. All muscle reactions-such as the heartbeat for example - are controlled by electrical stimuli. These electrical stimuli propagate in the body via nerve tracts - similar to current in electrical circuits.

Current can flow through the body on contact with components under high voltage (live). Reversible disturbance of the heartbeat can occur at direct currents as low as approx. 30 mA depending on how long the current flows. Serious internal burn injuries can additionally occur at even higher currents flowing through the body, possibly resulting in ventricular fibrillation. There is also a risk of arcing if the two poles of high-voltage system are short-circuited. This can cause serious external burn injuries and flash the eyes.

Exhaust Backpressure Sensor

BMW secara serius mengembangkan mesin Diesel untuk di tanamkan di semua line up model yang dibuat, dari sedan sampai SAV.

Control Unit yang mengatur kinerja mesin Diesel disebut Digital Diesel Electronic DDE, yang menerima input dari sensor dan memerintahkan actuator untuk bekerja sesuai dengan data map yang tersimpan didalamnya. Informasi dari sensor yang diterima, kemudian dibandingkan dengan program data map yang menghasilkan output yang akan dikirimkan ke actuator melalui local bus network ataupun single wire.

BMW Diesel Engine

Exhaust back pressure sensor adalah salah satu sensor yang mengirimkan informasi ke DDE mengenai tekanan balik di exhaust manifold sebelum turbocharger untuk menentukan kinerja dari Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR.

Exhaust back pressure sensor adalah metal membrane yang mengubah tekanan di exhaust manifold menjadi voltage signal. Tekanan yang diukur dari 100 sampai 500 kPa yang sama dengan tegangan dari 1.0 sampaii 4.5 volts.

Apabila terjadi fault di Exhaust back pressure sensor, MIL Malfunction Indicator Light akan menyala dan Fungsi dari Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR di matikan.